What does cultural identity mean - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1760 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Cultural Identity Essay Did you like this example? Culture can be defined as human practices, the languages one speak, values that are based on ethnicity, religion, and common interest. It also includes the arts, social interactions of groups and people and human intellectual achievement. Culture can also be termed as and symbol of communication. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What does cultural identity mean?" essay for you Create order The symbols of communication can include knowledge, skills acquired from a group, attitude, motive, and values. Culture is also the total sum behavior of all learned things from a particular group through interaction that can either be traditional or modern but are passed down from generation to generations (Banner, 2017). Identity can be defined as a set of personal behavior that can either be acquired passed down from the interaction that the individual is associated with for instance a group or traditions from the group. Identity consists of qualities that identify an individual to a particular group that gives a sense of belong (Phillips, 2003). Example of types of culture: Consumer Culture Consumer culture can be defined as a culture that is related to social status, values, and activities that are related to what the individual is consuming or using in the society. The world is continuously changing since in the past people defined themselves by the work they did such as profes sion of a teacher, mechanics, banker or shopkeeper. In the recent times people have started identifying themselves with other things they get to do due to the availability of money such as leisure, what they purchase for their personal use such as iPhone and luxurious cars is what they identify themselves with. Consumer culture is linked to a high culture that is expressed intellectually or artistically. This culture is mainly related to sophisticated taste in the fine arts or humanities. For instance: A love for classical music or appreciating opera, gourmet food, and wine, enjoyment of ballet, Going to art exhibitions, Perusing fine writing, for example, the works of art (Banner, 2017).According to Dolsman, 1999 consumer culture can be defined as the effects that are trickling down in people of lower social status envy and emulates those of higher social status. In turn individuals of more upper class and high status change their consumer habits for them to remain distinguished. Characteristics of consumer culture. Culture is compre hensive. This implies that all parts must fit together in some legitimate form. For instance, bowing and a powerful urge to evade the loss of face are bound together in their appearance of the significance of regard. Culture is learned instead of something that is conceived. We will think about the mechanics of adapting later in the course. Culture is showed inside limits of adequate conduct. For instance, in American culture, one cant go to class naked, however wearing anything from a suit to shorts and a T-shirt would more often than not be satisfactory. Inability to carry on inside the endorsed standards may prompt authorizations, extending from being dragged away by the police for foul presentation to being giggled at by others for wearing a suit at the shoreline. A cognizant consciousness of common benchmarks is constrained.The Germans blocked one American government operative amid World War II primarily as a result of the manner in which he held his knife and fork while eating. Societies fall someplace on a continuum amongst static and dynamic relying upon how rapidly they acknowledge the change. For instance, American culture has changed an incredible arrangement since the 1950s, while the way of life of Saudi Arabia has changed substantially less. Society Culture. Society culture comprises of nearby traditions and convictions that precisely mirror the lives and encounters of the general population, for example, people tunes and stories that are passed on starting with one age then onto the next (Banner, 2017). The characteristics of society culture, recalled by A CARAT, are that it is: Real Made by standard individuals Related with the dynamic cooperation Established in the encounters of standard individuals. Connected with pre-mod ern social orders Customary How culture helps one form his/her identity. Formulation of ones identity explains how one makes choices between products and services. Consumer culture defines the identity of an individual and also an identity may also influence consumption. The demand theory suggests that the consumer theory identifies the products and services that will provide the maximum utility for the disposable income of an individual (Worthington et al., 2001). Alternatively, it is noted that individuals choose products that closely match their current personality or what they aspire to be. The identity of an individual can be through his/her possession and other aspects of self which may include formal and informal clothing s, tattoos, piercings and ownership of personal belongings such as motorbikes, cars or houses. Individuals identify with other through a subculture of what they consume for example in skydiving, spectators at sporting events or common ownership Schouten et al., 1995) (al S. e., 1995). According to Schouten views on identity and consumer culture, the Hardley Davidson is seen as a religious culture icon (Belk et al., 1991) which is worshipped through cleaning and maintenance rituals as part of the brotherhood. It is not possible for an individual to join this religion without a bike. For further commitment, an individual must have a tattoo; customize his/her bike and pins. All these help an individual identity to the part icular group. Identity transformation Identity can be transformed through consumer culture for instance when an individual performs plastic surgery. Schouten, 1991 explains the reason that could be behind such kind of operation is that an individual feels that body image is important to self-concept concerning perception, evaluation, and attractiveness. The procedure thus makes an individual more comfortable in the role that they are playing or want to play or is a basis for a further identity change. The results of the difference can either provide greater control, confidence, and feeling of power. Identity transformation can be gradual and sometimes not noticed. For instance, a decision to tidy the wardrobe and take out the old passions and clothing is because they did not grow with the extended self (Belk et al., 1989). A landmark in an individuals life can also cause one to have an identity transformation, for example, an individual may consider dressing in a different style due to a specific job requirement, divorce or the loss of a spouse (Phillips, 2003). The teenage years explains better the transition of identity. In teenage years they will both consider the consumer culture and the social culture to transition them. The products and the services that will be used by this group of individual will be influenced by social functions and consumer culture (Dolfsman, 1999). Products and services that change the transformation of both social and consumer culture are clothes, mus ic, sources of information concerning what is desirable or not. For example magazines, advertisements, films, peers, celebrates and television (Englis et al., 1993). The information from the various sources is useful in the construction of identity-based upon how it is interpreted socially and how it is consumed. With the two cultures in hand, identity is likely to change with time. According to Bourdieu, 1990, He has given an intense hypothesis of social generation whereby people disguise the qualifications and qualities which structure the social world, and after that, acting suddenly in the light of these refinements, recreate the social structure whose implications they have internalized. He has examined how the habitus airs which give real shape to aggregate classes and qualifications is shaped from most punctual adolescence, as the tyke arranges itself in organized, gendered and differentially way social space, and disguises its goal life-risks in its emotional desires and interests. Such procedures create an arrangement of a total, superimposed implications, attitudes and methods of observation epitomized in the person. A portion of these might be set down in the outset, yet they are everyday items even if they now and again appear to people as primordial givens. How a culturally com petent psychologist could assist this individual work. Not at all like race or ethnicity, individuals can receive a culture, and one individual could be some portion of a few societies construct not just in light of race and ethnicity yet also on original character, age, and different components. In this way, when working with various people, psychologists must characterize the populaces inside the general populace to guarantee the necessities of every person in the masses are met. Since populaces are also evolving, the quantity of societies inside a network keeps on developing, monitoring the distinctions among society culture is essential for working viably with individuals. A social ability can encourage physiologist to enhance their training to help particular populace. Individuals all have some biased convictions, including some they may not know they have, and make judgments given those convictions. Indeed, even those of us who dont plainly show predisposition and bias some of the time coincidentally say things without understanding the repercussions of the things they say. Self-reflection and sound mindfulness are significant when working t individuals who come from different cultures. Once we comprehend our particular convictions, we can see how those convictions may impact our conduct and, this way, understand the effect our behavior may have on an individual. The objective isnt to take in each normal for each culture yet basically to know that a few practices or states of mind of understudies might be ascribed to their way of life, furthermore, in this manner, we as teachers should be delicate to their social personality (Asca School Counselor, 2018) References Belk et al (1991). Cant Buy Me Love:Dating,Money,and Gifts. Adances in Consumer Research, 521. Englis et al (1993). Consumption and irrational desire. European Journal of Marketing, 22. al, S. e. (1995). Selves intransition;Symbolic consumptionin personal rites of passage and identiy reconstruction. Journal of Consumer Research, 425. al, W. e. (2001). Economics for Business-Blending theory and practice. Financial Times. Asca School Counselor. (2018, 9 12). OUR ROLE IN CULTURAL COMPETENCY. Retrieved from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/ASCAU/Cultural-Competency-Specialist/OurRole.pdf Banner, M. (2017). Identity. Retrieved from Sociology Revision: A love for classical music or appreciating opera,gourmet food and wine,enjoyment of ballet, Going to art exhibitions,Perusing fine writing, for example, the works of art . Bourdieu, P. (1990). A social critique of the judgemnt of taste. The logic of practice. Phillips, C. (2003, September 9). How do consumers express their ide ntity through the choice of products that they buy? Retrieved from https://www.bath.ac.uk/management/research/pdf/2003-17.pdf W.Dolfsma. (1999). The consumption of music and the expression of values:A social economic explanation for the advent of pop music. American journal of economics and sociology, 58.

Hunting Essay - 3907 Words

Sport hunting is a violent form of recreation that has left countless animals maimed, and orphaned animals vulnerable to starvation, exposure, and predation. This activity disrupts natural animal population dynamics and has contributed to the extinction of animal species all over the world, including the Tasmanian tiger and the great auk.(1,2) Although less than 5 percent of the U.S. population hunts, hunting is permitted in many wildlife refuges, national forests, and state parks and on other public lands3 where almost half of all hunters slaughter and maim millions of animals every year (by some estimates, poachers kill just as many animals illegally).(4,5) The vast majority of hunters do not kill for subsistence.(6) Municipalities and†¦show more content†¦Grizzlies and black bears have been moved hundreds of miles away from their homes. Two were shot by hunters within two weeks of their relocation, and others have simply returned to their homes.(17) Wolves have been slaughtered in order to let the moose population rebound and provide a higher harvest for local hunters.(18) In the early 1990s, a program designed to reduce the wolf population backfired when snares failed to kill victims quickly, and photos of suffering wolves were viewed by an outraged public.(19) Nature Takes Care of Its Own The delicate balance of ecosystems ensures their own survival—if they are left unaltered. Natural predators help maintain this balance by killing the sickest and weakest individuals. Hunters, however, kill any animal whose head they would like to hang over the fireplace—including large, healthy animals who are needed to keep the population strong. Elephant poaching is believed to have increased the number of tuskless animals in Africa, and in Canada, hunting has caused bighorn sheeps horn size to fall by 25 percent in the last 40 years—Nature magazine reports that the effect on the populations genetics is probably deeper.(20) Even when unusual natural occurrences cause overpopulation, natural processes work to stabilize the group. Starvation and diseaseShow MoreRelatedHunting Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesHunting Hunting is a sport or activity, depending on who is asked, that is enjoyed by many and taken too seriously by others. There are many aspects of the activity that can make it fun or even boring but overall hunting is something fun to do. I have been hunting from a very young age and actually acquired the certification to get hunting license at the age of eight. 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However, people who believe this are sorely mistaken. Hunting is not just sitting in the woods with a rifle; there are many other aspects that must be considered. An individual must have all preparations complete, purchase or gather the equipment needed, and know what to listen for while in the woods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FirstRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Hunting Essay975 Words   |  4 Pageslion named Cecil he received an onslaught of criticism and reignited the debate concerning hunting. I hunt. I have hunted for years and I dont see anything wrong with it.   The reasons I hunt are for the meat, I think it tastes better than store-bought meat and it doesnt have any additives in it, and for the time I get to spend out in the mountains. However, there are some people who are against hunting. The deer and elk population is growing at an alarming rate. 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How significant was James Simpsons role in solving the problem of surgery during the 19th century Free Essays

During the 19th century, there were many attempts to perform surgery without there being any risk towards the patient. This usually meant that the surgeons had to overcome problems of pain, infection and blood loss which were the three main ways in which patients died during surgery. Many individuals discovered methods to make surgery safer. We will write a custom essay sample on How significant was James Simpsons role in solving the problem of surgery during the 19th century? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of these men was a Scottish doctor, by the name of James Simpson, who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform and successfully introduced it for general medical use. Of course, there were other individuals who had used different varieties of anaesthetics before James Simpson. In 1799 Sir Humphrey Davy discovered laughing gas which reduced pain felt by patients. It was mostly used by dentists during teeth extractions, which caused excruciating pain. In 1846, J. R Lister used ‘ether’ as an anaesthetic so the patient would be unconscious during operation. However this was soon dismissed as it irritated the lungs and caused the patient to cough during the operation as well as the fact that ether is highly flammable. The fact that others had already tried to come up with suitable anaesthetics that could be used in surgery shows that James Simpson’s discovery had been built up with knowledge of previous attempts. It also proves that he wasn’t solely responsible for discovering ‘anaesthetics’. James Simpson was appointed the Professor of Midwifery at Edinburgh University due to his interest in obstetrics. In 1847, Simpson discovered the properties of chloroform during an experiment with friends in which he learnt that it could be used to put one to sleep. It was very much up to chance that Simpson survived the chloroform dosage he administered to himself. If he had inhaled too much, subsequently passing away from an overdose, chloroform would have been seen as a dangerous substance. However, if Simpson had inhaled slightly less it would not have put him to sleep. It was his willingness to explore the possibilities of the substance that established his career as a pioneer in the field of medicine. He began to use chloroform as an efficient and effective anaesthetic used to relieve labour pains during childbirth. This theory of relieving patients from pain spread across to many other surgeons who began using this method of anaesthesia. James Simpson was able to find an actual anaesthetic that was suitable in surgery, and he took the risk of trying the chloroform himself proving that he was dedicated to improving and solving the problems of surgery. Yet, there was a lot of opposition to chloroform due to it being a new and untested gas. Surgeons did not know how much dosage to give their patients or whether there would be long-term side effects. There was also the fact that the use of chloroform caused an increase in deaths, since the patients were given a bigger dosage of chloroform that was necessary. This scared the many surgeons into not using it. There were also other who opposed chloroform because they believed that easing the pain of childbirth, it would make it unnatural and was an act against God. In addition to this, whilst the patient is unconscious surgeons became more confident and attempt more complex operations allowing infections deeper into the body and causing more blood loss. This also contributed to the rise in number of deaths since the introduction of chloroform. Yet, James Simpson soon got many people to realise that his theory was accurate and it was soon accepted. When Queen Victoria used chloroform when delivering her eighth child in 1857, the public along with many other surgeons began using it as an anaesthetic and this soon became a part of surgical practise. However although James Simpson had already tried the anaesthetic on himself, it almost immediately became clear that there were very serious side effects associated with its use and it was known to cause death in a number of instances. From 1864, numerous studies were conducted in an attempt to determine whether chloroform affected the respiratory system or the circulatory system. The major health effects of chloroform surround acute inhalation which leads to depression which is why it was used for a long time as an anaesthetic. Chronic exposure to chloroform was associated with affects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system. The evidence that chloroform was dangerous and fatal in numerous ways added to the opposition and causes us to believe whether James Simpson really was responsible for an important breakthrough in surgery. In addition to this there were many other breakthroughs by many other people who would be considered to be more important since their discoveries caused essential progress in solving the problems of surgery. Louis Pasteur was extremely vital as he was responsible for the development of the Germ theory, along with Robert Koch. The French scientist was also accountable for the many vaccines such as Chicken cholera, Rabies and Anthrax. Of course, this was accentuated by the rivalry between Pasteur and Koch since, they were both ambitious and nationalistic and France had lost a bitter war to Germany in 1870-71. Joseph Lister was then able to use the germ theory to uncover another significant discovery: antiseptics. This included sterilisation of all equipment, including doctor’s hands, throughout the surgery. His reasoning behind this was to reduce the number of patients dying from infection passed on from bacteria on clothing and apparatus. This was vital because many people were dying from infection at the time and there were no advances to decrease the numbers until Lister’s antiseptics. Another individual who was able to put the germ theory to good use was John Snow, who was responsible for discovering the cause of cholera, a big killer during the 1800s. He discovered that cholera was spread by drinking water that contained bacteria. Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. The fact that there were many other individuals who were able to discover other vital things prevents James Simpson from solely being responsible for solving the problems of surgery. John Snow also proves that James Simpson was not the first to come up with the idea of ‘anaesthetics’, and therefore cannot really be responsible for the discovery although he played a major role in coming across chloroform. In conclusion, I believe that James Simpson’s role was not very significant in the attempts to solve the problems of surgery. This is because he was able to use other people’s ideas, such as John Snow, to actually discover the anaesthetic. In addition to this, there were many other individuals and factors such as War and Technology that would have impacted surgery on a bigger scale than that of James Simpson’s discovery of chloroform as an anaesthetic. Although we can see his dedication in proving that chloroform was a suitable anaesthetic we can also see that there was a lot of scope for other individuals to find an anaesthetic that may have proved to be less fatal. How to cite How significant was James Simpsons role in solving the problem of surgery during the 19th century?, Papers

Case study on budget management and financial planning

Question: Describe about the Budget Management and Financial Planning. Answer: Introduction The current study presents in detail different characteristics and nature of budgeting and mentions about a variety of tools as well as procedures of financial management to assess the overall financial budget prepared for Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd. However, the primary purpose of the current study also includes examination of a number of different variables that are imperative for carrying out the budgeting analysis. The first section of the study presents the original master budget file and thereafter the amended master budget file. The original master budget is amended according to the change in the requirements to form an updated budget report for the financial year 2011 and 2012. Therefore, the updated master budget also shows in detail the variance and the percentage change. The report also presents the expense budget from the sales centre. The sales centre expenditure budget also helps in presenting the appropriate presentation of cost (Anandarajah et al 2009). These two tables that is the updated budget report and the sales centre expenditure budget helps in understanding that the adjustments in these reports have immense influence on the master budget. Therefore, the first section of the project primarily carries out the examination of the cost centre for appropriate scrutiny of the budget. This includes keeping track of the changes and reflecting of the changes in the updated budget and developing arguments for the alterations and negotiating all the different changes. The second section of the study focuses on the assessment of the risk associated to the special project. This section also includes development of an appropriate contingency plan in order to eradicate the risk of decline in sales based on the understanding of the current economic climate. Review of the master budget and cost centre budgets Pty Ltd for the financial year 2011/2012 Figure 1: Master Budget Report Updated Master Budget for FY 2011/2012 with absolute variance and % change Figure 2: Changes in Master Budget File The updated master budget report shows the change in the rate of commission from 2% of sales to 2.5% of the sales. However, this has added significantly to the cost of goods sold and the has raised the total cost of cost sold from 660000 to 675000. This in turn has lead to decline in the overall gross profit of the organization from 2340000 to 2325000. The general and administrative expenses, the marketing expense, employment expense and the occupancy cost has remained the same during the period. In addition to this, the net profit before calculation of the interest and tax has also declined from budgeted figure of 938500 to 923500. The income tax that is calculated on the net profit therefore has also decreased in actual figure from 234625 to 230875 due to decline in the overall net profit of the organization (Anandarajah et al 2009). The table below shows the sales centre expense budget that takes into account the expenses incurred by the company for the office supply, wages determined, the telephone expenses and the commissions paid. According to the two tables presented above, that is the table on the updated master budget report and the segmented cost table of the sales centre, it can be hereby inferred that the particular adjustments exerts immense influence on the entire master budget as well as the cost centre of the corporation Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd (Anandarajah et al 2009). As presented in the table, the net profit of the organization has decreased in all the quarters and on the other hand the expenditures have increased considerably. In addition to this, it is also apparent from the table above that the sales commission has also increased that in turn has increased the overall cost of goods sold. The previous gross profit was registered to be 2360000 that have now declined to 2325000 owing to the increase in the percentage of commission on the sales leading to variance of 15000. The sales in the first, third and the fourth quarter are registered to be less than 30% of the fourth quarter. However, the sa les in the 2nd quarter depend completely on the successful accomplishment of the repair and maintenance. However, the percentage of commission is negotiated and settled at a higher rate of 2.5%. Conclusion The above study elucidates in detail that a skilled human resource manger can be deployed in order to properly organize the workers to contribute to this specific process of budgetary planning. The current also stresses on the need of proper monitoring of the overall operation of the organization and evaluation of the same using different performance monitoring tools directed at cost minimization as well as profit maximization objective of the organization. The effective implementation program also can uphold the comprehensive strategic financial and the budgetary planning process. The line managers need to check the productivity of the function and the competence of the workforce to move up the efficiency in addition to the profitability of the company Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd. However, the recognized skill gaps can be detected and bridged by means of apposite training initiatives (Cheng, 2012). The workforce can thereby be trained in order to add value to the human resource of the b usiness. Again, the reduction in the overall wastage of the business operation can increase the efficiency of the operations and at the same time lessen the cost of production, in that way increasing the profit of the company on the whole. Apart from this, the primary objectives of the preparation as well as the presentation of the budget can be met by way of appropriate assessment and implementation of the contingency plan imperative for mitigation of the anticipated risks that might be countered by the organization. References Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R. (2014). International financial management. Harlow, Essex: Pearson. Bhimani, A. (2012). Management and cost accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Brigham, E., Garpenski, L. and Daves, P. (2010). Intermediate financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western. Charupat, N., Huang, H. and Milevsky, M. (2012). Strategic financial planning over the lifecycle. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cheng, M. (2012). The joint effect of budgetary participation and broad scope management accounting systems on management performance. Asian Review of Accounting, 20(3), pp.184-197. Drury, C. (2012). Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Fernndez, P. (2013). Company valuation methods.Available at SSRN 274973. Finch, B. (2010). Effective financial management. London: Kogan Page. Horngren, C. (2011). Introduction to management accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012). Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mikesell, J. (2013).Fiscal administration. Cengage Learning. Anandarajah, A., Aseervatham, A. and Reid, H., (2009).Manage Budgets and Financial Plans: Managing Finance. Pearson Education Australia.