English Oral GWTPE Essay

English Oral GWTPE Essay English Oral GWTPE Essay English Oral - The young lady with the Pearl Earring Johannes Vermeer was a profound mastermind. He knew this since his mom had revealed to him one day in the wake of discovering him sat round the rear of the baker’s shop, escaped see, gazing at the tufts of smoke originating from the fireplace of a neighboring house. Vermeer hadn’t comprehended his mother’s outrage and wonder when she discovered him there; all things considered, he wasn’t doing anything incorrectly. In any case she stated, it was late, continuing for nightfall, and she hadn’t known where he was. He contended that he had just plunked down for a moment to watch the smoke structure various examples against the sky; it was certain that day, and albeit cold, without knowing it he’d been there for a considerable length of time. Ten years on from that day, and his mom despite everything stressed over him. She stressed over the extended periods of time he worked at the pharmacist, and the wounds that appeared to show up out of the blue, denoting his in any case faultlessly fair skin. She had proposed that she should investigate them, however Vermeer cannot and pulled at the sleeves of his shirt, pulling them further down towards his wrists and concealing the purple imperfections. Mid one virus winter morning, Vermeer set off on the short stroll to the pharmacist. As he inhaled he could feel the sharp, cold air fill his lungs and he focused on the ground before him, so not to slip on the ice. Somehow or another he delighted in being out so early; it resembled making the primary impressions in newly laid day off. He showed up at the shop and entered through the secondary passage, and as yet wearing his open air attire, started his work, clearing, taking care of containers and jugs, expelling some of them from their places to tidy the racks, cleaning the gauging scales. It wasn’t a man’s work, his sibling had let him know, yet Vermeer didn’t mind, one day he would turn into the pharmacist himself, and not simply the right hand. After an hour, the pharmacist showed up and opened up the shop for business. He was a short, round little man with an awful temper that Vermeer knew very well indeed. Obviously, Vermeer never tested his lord as he needed to keep his activity; he knew the modest quantity of cash he earned was essential to his mom. So he persevered through his master’s incidental attacks of temper and made every effort to keep him cheerful. The day went easily and for once, his lord sent him home early. Strolling home by the waterway, eyes fixed on the ground, something got Vermeer’ attention. Lying on the ground before him was a sparkly pearl stud. It watched so strange, spotless and lovely, differentiated against the dim and dull ground, it couldn't be mixed up. Jeremias stopped, twisted down, and got it cautiously between his thumb and index finger. He’d seen nothing like it. The pearl was enormous, greater than he’d ever observed previously, and as he transformed it into the light, many hues woke up on its surface, gleaming and sparkling. It was totally entrancing. A yell got up Vermeer from his fantasy like state, and he gazed upward. ‘Oh! You there! Yes!’ Vermeer concentrated on the little lady rushing toward him, her face was red and bothered, her hands loosened up before her. ‘You discovered it, you discovered my mistress’ pearl, thank you so much!’ spouted the lady, presently standing exceptionally near Vermeer, she connected for the stud. Vermeer discharged the pearl from his fragile hold, and let it fall into the woman’s palm. Her clench hand shut firmly round it. ‘Thank you so much †erm?’ ‘Johannes, Johannesburg Vermeer’ stammered Vermeer. ‘Mr Vermeer, indeed, my paramour will be so satisfied, I’ll return it to her straight away. Thanks’ said the lady, without taking breath. She rushed away, and as Vermeer watched, she found a little youngster, no more seasoned than himself. She was totally enveloped with a blue shroud, and standing not a long ways in front of him. As the lady signaled toward Vermeer, who was all the while standing fixed in his recognize, the young lady lifted her eyes to take a gander at him straightforwardly. Indeed, even from this separation Vermeer could tell she

Budget and financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spending plan and monetary investigation - Essay Example It is regular information that corpulence particularly among the youngsters has quick just as long haul sway on the lives and soundness of the influenced populace (Gollust, etal, 2013). For example, there is high danger of cardiovascular infections, malignancy, diabetes just as joint issues. The association will require precisely $15,000 as a startup capital for the weight annihilation program. This cash ($15, 000) will originate from the three managers of the association (Nurse, Dietitian and Social laborer) illuminate regarding gift. Solid Neighbors Center was fortunate to get sponsorship in type of gifts not surpassing $4000 every month from a nearby based association got Kick Out Obesity. Since the association has restricted money related sources as at its beginning up the association will search for different roads of increment its income stream. The organization will start by consolidating an online installment choice to permit people buy in to the projects, make gifts, and purchase articles just as recordings concerning solid practices that can decrease or forestall youth heftiness. The pay got from the chairmen just as the gifts will be utilized to gain office hardware, furniture, PC, phone, fixed, individual computerized help (PDA), web architecture, staff costs, authoritative supplies, office space, and preparing materials. So as to work weight concealment programs online the association will get an organization to structure a site where clients can make gifts and buy in to the differing heftiness destruction programs on the web. Taking into account that, the association isn't for benefit the chairmen won't guarantee discount of their speculation separated from pay rates, which will be audited upwards after the initial 2 years activity. For the primary year of activity, the executives acknowledged to gain rewards as opposed to pay rates

How to Stand Out in a Competitive Job Market

The most effective method to Stand Out in a Competitive Job Market Because of the high volume of overqualified, over-degreed applicants flooding the market, you ought to consistently do as much as possible to separate yourself. This incorporates growing new aptitudes, procuring new capabilities and accreditations, and now and then, watching out for ranges of abilities that are generally important over the most extensive area of occupations. Here are three especially powerful and flexible abilities that will render you important to practically any employer.1. Business DevelopmentThis isn’t only for deals positions. Toward the day's end, there are parts of each activity that require deals aptitudes. Furthermore, every business has individuals in jobs that work as a sort of inside client. Figuring out how to test out thoughts, assuage diverse group members’ needs, and convey viably will assist you with building connections, please the individuals you work with, and demonstrate that you have the stuff to hold a group or an organization tog ether. It likewise never damages to figure out how to sell what you need and need most.2. Information AnalysisData is all over. From little to enormous to monstrous. Furthermore, realizing how to deal with it is turning into an important ability and one in ever more elevated interest. Regardless of what your field, or position inside your organization (HR, interchanges, bookkeeping, promoting), having the option to dig information for valuable data and afterward present that data is critical. You’ll likewise need to knock up your oral and composed relational abilities, which will consistently be an or more. Also, make certain to keep awake on the most recent information extraction programming stages and procedures. Do this, and you’ll remain in front of this thriving curve.3. Authority SkillsNot simply â€Å"being a boss† or â€Å"managing a team† or â€Å"training new employees.† Many organizations are searching for something more unutterable, and considerably more helpful. Launch yourself to the highest point of the initiative line by showing your familiarity with coordinated effort (playing pleasantly with others and getting genuine outcomes all the while), dynamic (otherwise known as steering and practicing decision making ability and control), and coaching (truly sustaining and bringing along more youthful or increasingly unpracticed colleagues).The more you can demonstrate that you’re a moral, all around regarded, popular partner as well as director, the more a recruiting supervisor or manager will notice and begin getting truly amped up for employing you-or doing all that they can to keep you on board.Developing these aptitudes is certifiably not a basic fix-progressively like a profession long methodology. In any case, an extremely wise one that will end up being fulfilling, regardless of what the results.

Free Essays on Police Conflict

Struggle: An Officer’s Excessive Force Torsten Ove, a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette staff author, wrote about April 24, 2001 that a showdown among police and network happened into a contention. The quarrel started when Officer Anthony Cortopassi saw a couple passing a cigarette to and fro on the West End Overlook, a famous â€Å"hot stop† for maryjane smoking. Official Cortopassi moved toward the couple. At the point when he did so he over heard conceivable suspect Dan Troiano’s sweetheart murmur, â€Å"Dan, it’s a cop!† Officer Cortopassi then guaranteed Troiano promptly tossed what he thought to be a maryjane cigarette away before he could keep the people for ownership of a controlled substance. Dan Troiano guaranteed Officer Cortopassi then pushed him around while he was being bound to a fence, harming his wrist seriously enough to expect medical procedure to fix it. Official Cortopassi guaranteed that he applied a â€Å"pain compliance† hold and cuffed Troiano after Troiano tossed an elbow during a search. The squabble brought about the preliminary of Officer Anthony Cortopassi based on utilizing over the top power. As arranged by the United States of America, an over the top utilization of power implies an official has â€Å"used more than the measure of power important to deal with suspects and ensure themselves and other.† (Criminal Justice, Joel Samaha) But how does an official realize what precisely is the right measure of power important to control a circumstance? Since conceivable criminal circumstances initiate both peaceful and vicious reactions by potential suspects, the officer’s watchfulness to utilize power is at a higher cost than expected. In any case, need happens when the official is the person who starts brutality in counter to what a potential suspect may have said or attempted to do, in any case if any crime occurred? Once more, tact by the official must be weighted to keep up a circumstance from raising. Plainly wi... Free Essays on Police Conflict Free Essays on Police Conflict Strife: An Officer’s Excessive Force Torsten Ove, a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette staff essayist, gave an account of April 24, 2001 that a showdown among police and network unfolded into a contention. The fight started when Officer Anthony Cortopassi saw a couple passing a cigarette to and fro on the West End Overlook, an infamous â€Å"hot stop† for cannabis smoking. Official Cortopassi moved toward the couple. At the point when he did so he over heard conceivable suspect Dan Troiano’s sweetheart murmur, â€Å"Dan, it’s a cop!† Officer Cortopassi then asserted Troiano quickly tossed what he thought to be a maryjane cigarette away before he could keep the people for ownership of a controlled substance. Dan Troiano guaranteed Officer Cortopassi then pushed him around while he was being bound to a fence, harming his wrist severely enough to expect medical procedure to fix it. Official Cortopassi guaranteed that he applied a â€Å"pain compliance† hold and cuffed Troiano after Troiano tossed an elbow during a search. The squabble brought about the preliminary of Officer Anthony Cortopassi based on utilizing inordinate power. As characterized by the United States of America, an over the top utilization of power implies an official has â€Å"used more than the measure of power important to oversee suspects and secure themselves and other.† (Criminal Justice, Joel Samaha) But how does an official realize what precisely is the right measure of power important to control a circumstance? Since conceivable criminal circumstances prompt both peaceful and fierce reactions by potential suspects, the officer’s carefulness to utilize power is at a higher cost than expected. Yet, need happens when the official is the person who starts viciousness in reprisal to what a potential suspect may have said or attempted to do, in any case if any crime occurred? Once more, watchfulness by the official must be weighted to keep up a circumstance from heightening. Obviously wi...

Dissertation Writing Services (#1 Choice Among Doctoral Students)

Dissertation Writing Services Dissertation writing services can help illuminate the often nebulous and seemingly insurmountable task of writing one’s dissertation. A dissertation is essentially an enormous essay or research paper, sometimes the size of a small novel. It represents everything one has to show for the years dedicated to one’s doctoral study. When one reflects back on one’s graduate study, there are a host of required courses along with elective classes that have shaped one’s academic path. This dissertation demonstrates what one has done with all of that study, knowledge and insight. This paper shows the very specific, and sometimes exceedingly esoteric, direction one has applied all of this wisdom. The dissertation should be viewed as so much more than just a requirement laden with drudgery. Instead, a dissertation should be viewed as an opportunity to carve out the brightest career path as humanly possible, while still nestled in the safety of graduate school. Given how long a dissertation has to be, it offers an opportunity for the doctoral student to expand on current research and present new findings and a fresh perspective with rock solid research behind it. A novel, inventive, and innovative dissertation could represent the difference between finding a job after graduation or not. However, most dissertations are almost unreadable. Many graduate students feel pressured to demonstrate academic jargon and a complexity of thought. This means they write long stretches of text that could put even the most seasoned academic to sleep. A great dissertation needs to find a balance between â€Å"going deep† into the research, showing a new perspective, demonstrating intricate thought processes—and still being highly readable and engaging. The average person should be able to pick up your dissertation and follow along with most of it. Maybe not the average garbage collector, but the average college educated person, should still grasp 80% of what you write. The reason readability is so important is because ultimately if you land a professorial job, you will probably be teaching college students. A readable dissertation is textual proof that you can present complex ideas in a manner that is accessible. This is obviously an invaluable skill when it comes to teaching students who were just in high school a short while ago. Dissertation writing services can help you formulate a dissertation that captures all your hard work, your fresh perspective, your unique findings and help you present it all in a manner which is highly reader-friendly. Dissertation Writing Service Defined A dissertation writing service helps provide the student with a nuanced and comprehensive dissertation on literally any subject in all of academia. Rather than feeling like you’re on your own struggling to churn out pages, a dissertation writing service gives you crucial support. Such a service assigns you to a writer or a team of writers who all have written numerous dissertations. The writer or writers analyzes all your materials and helps sculpt the paper in the direction it needs to go into in order to be successful. A dissertation writing service has the experience of both understanding your current perspective and knowing how to further sculpt it to excellence. This can help relieve the student of an enormous amount of worry, as there will no longer be a concern regarding whether or not your pages submitted will receive approval. Legalities The work provided by dissertation writing services is to be used as a guideline or reference in assisting the student in completing their own dissertation. The students who hire such services are exceedingly capable of doing excellent work. Often times, they just need the help of seasoned professionals to provide them with a guide to offer reassurance that they are on the right track. Dissertation writing services can give them a template to follow based on the precise subject and materials the student has provided. This way the student doesn’t feel like they’re stumbling around in the dark in crafting the final document of their academic career. Parts of a Dissertation Chapter 1: Introduction The introduction is where you captivate the reader’s interest and present the research question or issue you are currently exploring. Most dissertations will have an extraordinarily complex research question. In this case, the introduction will present the reader with the separate ideas involved in each aspect of the thesis, discussing them at length. At the end of the introduction, which will span several pages, the writer states the exact research question or thesis. The introduction in its entirety helps in justifying the entire point of the dissertation and explains why one must go on this journey of exploration. The thesis essentially shows what can be gained from this research and why this deeper examination is necessary for a particular subject. 1. General Background of the Areas of Focus These three to four paragraphs are where you, the writer, acquaint the reader with the general topics connected to your research question. Since dissertations are so intricate, and usually straddle the connection between several elements at once, you need to introduce these elements to your reader in a manner that is effective. For example, consider a dissertation that explores how 19th century economic times and child developmental practices in Victorian England influenced the work of Charles Dickens. One would have to spend separate paragraphs discussing 19th century economy and industry, life for children in 19th century England, as well as child rearing and developmental practices. In addition, a final paragraph would have to be spent discussing Charles Dickens and his work, suggesting a connection between the latter two subjects. 2. Importance of the Issue This section should be no longer than one or two pages, but needs to show the urgency of your dissertation’s subject matter. Make a clear statement that clarifies for the reader what can be gained by engaging in this research. Assert plainly why one needs to conduct a study in this manner. Offer clear explanations for the abstract and concrete reasons for why illuminating this question is crucial. 3. Scrutinize the Theoretical Basis for the Endeavor a. The elements in your research question will have a theoretical basis that you need to be able to assert lucidly. Explain how the most relevant theoretical viewpoints assist in ground the research. You can briefly allude to competing theoretical viewpoints, but those really should be analyzed deeper in the literature review. b. Clearly explain all significant theoretical definitions of valid terms and constructs. This way, your reader will be on the same page as you and be able to easily follow along with all arguments that you make. 4. Integrate and Analytically Examine the Relevant Literature a. Construct an argument in defense of the necessity of the dissertation by referring to existing research that addresses the main variables or philosophies/theories within the suggested study. This should summarize the shortcomings or issues with how the current literature has addressed or failed to address your interrelated topics. b. It may be necessary to assess the crossover of only certain variables, because literature might not exist for all the variables in your proposed research. 5. Problem Statement a. Assert the reason/need for the research directly and concisely. b. The introduction should serve as an organic preamble to the problem statement. 6. Research Questions and Hypotheses a. It is common to have more than one research question, with a corresponding number of hypotheses. On the other hand, it’s also common to have one main research question, with supporting or corollary questions. b. This is not the place to operationalize variables. Instead, stick to crafting theoretical questions and their corresponding hypotheses in a serious manner. c. Make certain your research question is actually in the form of a question, shows a clear connection among all constructs, and is something that can be tested through experiment. If you’re writing a dissertation for the humanities, make sure your research question can be supported through evidence found in texts or images. d. Hypotheses are direct assertions that declare what you think will happen, yet in the present grammatical tense. e. Consider the following example: i. Research Question: How do adolescents with anorexia cope with the physical consequences of their severe weight loss and inadequate nutritional intake? ii. Hypothesis 1: Adolescents with anorexia nervosa rely on other stimulants and supplements in order to make up for the physical consequences of the disease. iii. Hypothesis 2: Adolescents with anorexia nervosa deliberately ignore the physical consequences of the disease, ensuring their focus stays on remaining severely underweight. iv. Hypothesis 3: Adolescents with anorexia nervosa have a certain amount of body and facial dysmorphia that makes them unaware of the debilitating physical consequences of the disease. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter summarizes all significant articles in the area of focus within the arena of focus. The literature selected here should offer support for the overall theoretical argument and help demonstrate that the writer has mastery over both the intricacies of the concepts and the evidence used for enforcement. 1. Historical Circumstances a. Help shape a perspective for the reader. This section equates to more than just a chronology of events so do not feel obligated to include every detail. Just stick to the most significant events, findings, studies, and articles. b. Address the more overt problems, controversies, and discrepancies that will either influence your study, or your course of research. Describe the history or backdrop on all variables used. 2. Theory Significant to Research Questions/Hypotheses. a. Describe the theoretical viewpoints that guide your research b. Assess and compare contradictory or challenging theories and explain the necessity of the theoretical foundation of the dissertation. c. Discuss the significance of the theoretical foundation of the dissertation and how it addresses the overall issue. 3. Current (Experimental) Literature Appropriate to Research Questions/Hypotheses a. Include in this section: i. Literature addressing specific variables. ii. Literature addressing a certain conglomeration of variables, such as relevant background literature. iii. If your dissertation is in a field such as the humanities and you won’t be looking at empirical data, just focus on describing all pertinent research that addresses your question(s) in a germane manner. b. Resist the temptation to just list research studies, but rather show the connections among them and how they address your greater and supporting research questions. Transitions should help you fluidly move between ideas and show your reader how all these studies are interwoven among your main focus. c. Engage in a discussion of the assets/liabilities of the methods and findings in all studies, and state what you are intending to do better or expand upon in your work. 4. Harness headings and sub-headings as a way of categorizing this part. Some dissertations might benefit from a â€Å"concept map† in this section to help organize the study. This part should demonstrate the overall deductive reasoning that should be guiding the paper, as you start from a wide range of pertinent studies and then narrow your focus as you go on. Chapter 3: Methods This section should offer a detailed description of the methodology harnessed for the study. Within this chapter, having subsections such as participants, instruments, materials, procedures and analysis are useful. However, if this is a dissertation for the humanities, describing the process by which research, comparison, and analysis occurred, would go here. 1. Participants a. List the living participants; state their clearance from the International Review Board. b. Discuss the subjects in clear detail, allowing the reader to picture them, thus giving a more vivid aspect to your paper. c. Discuss the methods employed when gathering this sample. For instance, if a sample of convenience is harnessed, one should state this clearly, along with any inclusion or exclusion criteria. d. Engage in a power evaluation to find out the best sample size for the proposal. Record these findings and connect them in the final document, offering an explanation if there are meaningfully more or less subjects in the final evaluation. e. If there were any withdrawals from the research, cite the reasons and all significant data regarding the attrition. f. Describe how any absent data was handled. g. If a survey was relied upon, note the rate of return here. 2. Measures a. Describe all significant measurement techniques along with any unpublished instruments. Duplicates of such instruments need to be placed in appendices. If unpublished instruments are used, there will be a need for both reliability and validity analyses. b. Published instruments or methods used at other times need proper citations. c. State evidence of reliability and validity directly and concisely. d. Categorize this section according to the terms of constructed evaluated. For measures that have more than one construct, be specific when discussing which constructs you are referring to at a given time. Offer precise reliability and validity statistics for the subscale. 3. Research Design a. Offer an overall description of the research design and all necessary vocabulary or terms used. Also mention potential risks to the security of internal and external validity of this design. b. State independent and dependent variables and their definitions within this research. c. Add a diagram/figure of the research design if available and relevant. 4. Procedures a. Describe all procedures precisely, allowing readers to duplicate the study if needed. b. If a survey is relied upon at any point, the data collection methods need descriptions, along with the rate of return and all relevant procedures used, along with any non-responders that need to be addressed. c. Copies of the materials used need to be duplicated in one of the appendices. 5. Data Analysis a. Re-clarify all research questions and corresponding hypotheses. b. Each hypothesis should have relevant statistical analyses in tow. c. For each statistical technique given, offer a brief description along with assumptions connected to the statistical analyses to be examined, along with the motivation behind selecting these techniques. d. Mention alpha levels in order to establish overall statistical significance. Chapter IV. Results The section offers the overall findings of the analyses in a clear fashion, usually in the same order in which the research questions have been presented in the paper. It’s crucial that the results be presented without interpretation: interpretation is exclusively for the Discussion section. 1. Sequence of Arrangement for Nomothetic Studies a. Descriptive Statistics b. Preliminary Statistical Analyses c. Statistical analyses to respond to main research questions and corresponding hypotheses. d. For studies that have a single subject or which are qualitative, forge the sequence of presentation with the chair of the department. 2. Statistical Analyses to Answer Research Questions/Hypotheses a. Harness both questions and hypotheses to arrange findings. b. Restate in new language each question and hypothesis along with the results of the tests of all assumptions and then via data analyses that offer answers to the question/hypothesis. c. State statistical power of the test and result amounts. 3. Arrange Data into Tables and Figures a. Each Table or Figure needs to be noted in the paper. b. Tables and Figures must be complete in their content in order to be comprehended without referring back to the text. c. Insert tables and figures immediately after their first reference in the paper, as feasible. Chapter V. Discussion Findings are illuminated in reference to the main and supporting research questions and examined in union with other research articles and findings. Noting all limitations of interpretation and implied directions for subsequent research are discussed. 1. Summary a. Review findings concisely. b. Describe findings in non-statistical terms, using accessible language. Respond to the overarching research question and corresponding hypothesis. 2. Conclusions a. Use headings to arrange this section. b. Clearly describe the implied suggestions of the findings. Incorporate findings with the theoretical background and significant results from other studies. c. Connect to literature review, noting both the consistencies and inconsistencies with findings of those studies, found in the literature mentioned. d. Determine if findings offered support or distinction from current theoretical viewpoints. e. Consider the implications of the findings in a way that makes it clear to the reader that one is speculating. 3. Limitations a. Discuss the flaws within the study that narrows the validity of the findings. Most limitations should have been prevented from entering the study beforehand, though some may have been out of the power of the researcher. b. It can be appropriate to make a statement regarding how generalizable the results are, along with controls that may be harder to meet. 4. Recommendations for Future Research a. Offer precise suggestions founded in the dissertation findings as they connect to the theoretical and empirical center. b. Offer an explanation as to why the proposed research is essential and how it should be structured. Dissertation Writing Services Reviews I was in way over my head with my field of research in molecular biology focused on circulating endothelial stem cells. My dissertation advisor was never available and I was already behind in turning in pages. A friend mentioned Ace Your Paper, and being desperate, I decided to give it a try, keeping my expectations low. I received high quality pages that polished my current research questions and hypotheses and provided me with the best research for my lit review! All written by someone who clearly had experience! I was floored. It was like having a seasoned advisor help me with my dissertation. Melissa, San Antonio, Texas Palatalization Patterns in Old Church Slavonic. Sound like fun to anyone? That was the piece of a research question that I knew I wanted to shape my dissertation. I didn’t have an outline, and I wasn’t sure where to begin. I had used Ace Your Paper years ago when I was an undergrad (they were called something else back then) and I decided to take a chance on some help. Thank God I did! They helped to expand my research questions and make me sound smarter (Amen) and gave me an outline and the first 10 pages in under 24 hours. I don’t know what I would have done without them. Linda, Greenville, Indiana I had been working on a dissertation on cultural cultivation, immigration and race relations and things had been going reasonably well. I was then thrown into the middle of a family emergency that was taking me out of town and draining my mental energy each day. My dissertation deadline was final and nonnegotiable, as I had already extended it to the absolute max. Professors on my committee were going to retire at the end of the semester. I had to finish. Ace Your Paper came up on a quick Google search for a custom dissertation writing service and they seemed knowledgeable. I am so glad I gave them a try. 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My dissertation advisor was really flaky, so I felt like I had no choice but to turn to a service like Ace Your Paper. Thank goodness I did! I uploaded the page and a half I had along with some articles I knew I wanted to use. In just a few days, I received an invaluable guide for starting the first quarter of my dissertation. It showed me how to start and suggested several improvements to my research questions. I was floored. Seth, North Bend, Oregon Custom Dissertation Writing Service As a custom dissertation writing service, we take pride in being able to help students who are experiencing certain levels of distress with this final piece of doctoral writing. We understand the intensity of stress experienced by these students and how rigorous the demands of a dissertation really are. A dissertation requires a higher level of excellence, knowledge and experience. This is why we only assign writers with PhDs to such projects. Our doctorate-holding writers have written numerous dissertations on a range of complex subjects successfully. Often they have had to incorporate some of the most opaque and daunting research available. We are exceedingly confident that we can help literally any doctoral student with any endeavor, no matter how obscure the subject. Only writers with the most specialized knowledge are assigned to particular orders. Furthermore, we guaranteed a 7-day rewrite and modification request, as we know it’s your dissertation. It’s got to be perfect. Financing is available through PayPal credit, allowing you to get the best dissertation writing service for what feels like a cheap dissertation writing service. Frequently Asked Questions Is a dissertation and thesis the same? No, even though people use these terms (incorrectly) as synonyms. A thesis is a long paper that graduate students complete at the end of their master’s coursework. The purpose of a thesis is to determine how well a graduate students comprehends a specific faction of their field of study, or to test drive a â€Å"junior dissertation† in some programs. A master’s thesis essentially revolves around a proposed thesis, generally a reactions to the work of other scholars in the field. It’s generally less complex than a dissertation. In a thesis, these student makes a case for a particular perspective. On the other hand, a dissertation is done at the end of doctoral study, and signifies a much higher level of complexity. A dissertation refers back to numerous other examples of relevant previous research by scholars in the field, as well as independent research conducted by the student. A dissertation focuses on original thought and experimentation and the act of proving and disproving hypotheses. Is it legal to use this type of service? Yes, we are an educational consulting service, developed to help students with the many challenges that come with academic programs. In a perfect world, all students would be provided with all the necessary writing help they need, but often that’s just not the case. We help fill in the gaps so students can reach their level of personal excellence. Can the completed order be submitted for publication? No, the writing we provide is just designed to be used as an educational guide or template. Can I submit additional faxes/files to the writer? Yes, we welcome notes, requisite research or anything else the client deems relevant. All these extra materials help in shaping the best writing sample. How many pages should a dissertation be? On average, dissertations run from 100-200 pages, but we have encountered some over 300 pages or longer. Do you provide editing of my already completed dissertation? Yes, we pride ourselves in having the best writers. Often the best writers are also the best editors. If you just want us to read what you’ve written, refine it and make suggestions, we are happy to do that. Do you complete dissertations for resident of the UK? Yes, our services are available worldwide. Our writers are well versed in adjusting to the different expectations in dissertation formats and regional English spelling differences. My topic is very obscure. Do you think you’ll still be able to help me? Yes, our writers have helped with dissertations on a host of esoteric subjects. We haven’t encountered one we weren’t able to assist with yet. My school has asked for a paper copy. What sort of paper should I use? Most schools will require an acid-free or acid-neutral paper when printing one’s dissertation, along with a specific cotton content (often 25%). It’s best to double check with your dissertation advisor on this. Do you have examples of dissertation orders you have completed? Yes, you can look at the following dissertation samples to see the quality of our work. Dissertation Example #1 Dissertation Example #2 Dissertation Writing Tips Keep your writing readable and easy to follow. You can still sound erudite yet present complex ideas in an accessible manner. Show that you are breathing new life into old work: so many of these subjects have been addressed over and over. Select a branch of focus that represents a refreshingly fresh perspective. Your ability to engage in this level of innovation could remarkably enhance your job prospects. Try to preemptively address and thwart all limitations before allowing them to enter your research. When outlining your dissertation, reach out to colleagues and cohorts for suggestions and input. Looking at examples of successful dissertations can give you a world of clarity. 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The IABPAD Conference Proceedings - Free Essay Example

ABSTRACT The management skills of supervisors and managers are detrimental when it comes to assessing how organizations are effectively run, especially during a time in history that is experiencing rapid change. The purpose of this study is to investigate which management skills contribute to effectiveness and efficiency of the workplace, and to which degree. It also aims to compare the correlation between manager efficiency and conceptual human and technical skills of those in the workplace. The data was collected using a questionnaire which was obtained from municipal employees across Istanbul. A total of 194 questionnaires were handed out, however, 186 units were deemed valid. As a result of the analysis performed, human, conceptual and technical skills have proved to be proportionately effective to manager effectivenesswhen working in an environment. Such effectiveness and efficiency in the case of the manager is based on skills such as: communication, interpersonal skills, and the ability to motivate and encourage a team. The influence on the effectiveness that management may have on both the conceptual and technical skills of the workplace changes according to the level of the upper-management. This study has shown; under competition and particular uncertainty, it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve desired goals. The difficulty of this task is further heightened by a system of classical management based on protecting an organizations efficiency and maintaining the status quo. For managers to be part of operations and to be in effective communication with their employees, they must persuade and motivate their employees, and be able to provide organizational effectiveness. INTRODUCTION In todays global world, where changes drive forward every field, mankind has plunged into a quest to use available resources in the most effective and efficient way to create a difference. In addition to this, the only way to become successful and to compete with other organizations is to create that difference through the efficient use of resources (Koà §o?lu, 2010). This quick development and transformation requires and compels institutions to different pursuits in order to become successful. Assessments and change become necessary for a successful organization to result and in order to sustain competitiveness in a field of new pursuits and for possible improvement in any or all of the following areas: usage of resources, procurement of raw materials, technological development and efficiency in making use of opportunities. The focus of all efforts is on creating new opportunities and so the questionthen becomes how to manage and make use of such opportunities in the most rational way. Therefore, evaluation covers the contribution of organizational managers in the scope of an institutions success. People who deal with management and are responsible for the organizations management structure as well as functionality, are primarily the top managers of institutions. For organization to carry out its defined mission and remain competitive, the manage ment of organizations is examined in terms of operation and structure in order to perform manager analyses. This is why management concept has become the focus of debate in todays management organizations, and why skills and properties of managers have been put in the center of successful management discussions (Eren, 2001). The relationship between organizations efficiency and manager efficiency, manager efficiency and organizations effectiveness etc. subjects were emphasized in scope of literature works done until today, but no detailed work was carried out on the relationship between manager properties and manager efficiency. This work aims at carrying out a much more detailed study on manager efficiency and manager properties, and also public servants are taken as examples to add a different perspective. The aim is to make academic contributions to todays academic literature and managers, in addition to being a guide for future works. The purpose of this work is to put forward manager behaviors and properties to define the efficient manager and to study which manager properties and skills contribute to manager efficiency. In parallel with this purpose, the management and manager concepts are going to be discussed by examining the skills and properties of managers which must be owned by management organizations. MANAGER Manager is the person who is expected to be efficient and successful and who must carry out the arrangements that will ensure the institution reaches its purpose and targets. In other words the manager is the name of the person, who is expected to reach and achieve certain purposes by displaying administrative functions, regardless of the institutions structure or current position level. Erdo?an (2008) defines it as the person who is obliged to and responsible for managing efficiently and effectively, in order to make people who come together for a purpose be able to achieve that target harmoniously and cooperatively. According to an extensive definition the manager is the person who directs material and human production factors put under his command, to achieve determined purposes within a specific time, by considering the developments happening around, and who is responsible from the effectiveness of his owned resources (Koà §o?lu, 2010). Managers wrap themselves up in different manager styles based on their behaviors to their subordinates, their approaches to the job and the authorization transfer. Management can be seen as a pyramid with management organs that allow the establishment to achieve its set targets and get the job done by others. In this regard, management can be categorized into three stages. (Mucuk, 2008) Top Level Management Middle Level Management Low Level Management Top Level Management and Managers: These people are the ones with the highest authorization and power, who bear the responsibility for the whole establishment, who define establishments purpose, long-term policies and strategies, and who represent the establishment with the widest authority in the external environment (Mucuk, 2008). Middle Level Management and Managers: These people are the ones who work to realize the purposes determined by top management through focusing on application, and their human skills are in the foreground (Ataman, 2009). Low Level Management and Managers: These are the people who are responsible in the first degree from the workers who actually do the job in addition to technical, commercial or administrative personnel (Ataman, 2009). BASIC PROPERTIES AND SKILLS OF MANAGEMENT According to Tamer Koà §el (1989), management is a group of activities with three dimensions: technical, human and conceptual. Technical dimension is the managers functional specialty, human dimension is being able to influence people whom he works with, and conceptual dimension is a managers ability to see the organization as a whole. In parallel with technical, human and conceptual dimensions that constitute three individual aspects of management activities, management skills are examined in three categories such as Technical, Human Relations and Conceptual Skills (Mucuk, 2008). Manager skills classified in this way vary by management levels. It is known that management skills used based on management levels show differences. Conceptual skills are used much more by top level management while human skills are used more by middle level managers, while technical skills are more necessary for the administrator level. Human skills include skills of communication, coordination, motivation, directing and controlling. Technical skills include the skill to manage technical parts of the job, while the conceptual skills include planning, organization and decision-making. Technical Skills It is defined as the accumulation of knowledge about methods, processes, procedures, methods and key points to carry out specialized activities and skills to use tools and materials related to such activities (Yukl, 2004). Technical skill is the skill that include usage of various tools, methods and technologies to carry out organizational activities (Çetinkaya 2009). In this scope, special information, mastery, tactics and methods necessary to achieve a task, are all included under the topic of technical skills. Technical skills also require   information about products and services, organizational properties, properties of employees, management systems and rules along   with methods, processes and the equipment needed to complete the task at hand. Technical knowledge and skills are gained with formation, training and job experience while having a strong memory and being able to acquire new information one may need from various sources is also important (Yukl, 2004). Technical skills are more important for an organizations low level managers (Koà §o?lu, 2010). Human Skills (Relations) It is defined as the accumulation of knowledge about human behavior and interpersonal processes; the skill to understand the instincts (empathy, social sensitivity) that allows to understand feelings, behaviors and what other people are going to do and say; clear and active communication skills (fluent speech, persuasion skills); skill to establish active and cooperative relations (behaving according to environment, diplomacy, listening skills, accumulation of knowledge on acceptable social behaviors) (Yukl, 2004). Human skills are the skills that allow organizational purposes to be realized and that allow an individual expected job satisfaction (Çetinkaya, 2009). Relevant behaviors include information about group processes, being able to understand other peoples emotions, behaviors and instincts, and communicating with them in a clear and persuasive way. Empathy, social foresight, tactic, persuasiveness, diplomacy, oral communication skills, staying in a cooperative communication with the subordinates, superiors and counterparts are the properties owned by leaders having this skill. These kind of skills are important to influence people. Being able to listen to people without judging them is key to understand and evaluate them correctly (Yukl, 2004). In order to observe whether the human relations are used efficiently, we should examine the concepts of communication, coordination, directing, motivation, performance evaluation, control, problem-solving, emotional intelligence, social intelligence and emotional control. Conceptual Skills Conceptual skill is the skill to see the elements that constitute the organization as a whole (Çetinkaya, 2009). Conceptual or cognitive skills include subjects such as justice, creativeness, foresight, intuition and sense-making, in addition to basically including analytical skill, logical thinking, induction and deduction knowledge as well as conceptualization. Such skills are owned by top level managers. Active planning, organization, problem-solving, associating different departments of the organization with each other, strategic planning and analyzing the events etc. are examined under the title of conceptual skills. (Yukl, 2004). Conceptual skills gain more importance towards the upper levels as they include being able to see the organization as a whole, to coordinate and integrate the interests and activities of the organization and to see the relation between departments of the organization. Managers who carry out strategic planning have to use conceptual skills in their relations with the environment. (Koà §o?lu, 2010). Strong management skills are a basic necessity for an organization to survive in the world of competition where there is a need to track changes continuously. The leader-manager concept gained significance because of this necessity. Understanding people, systematic thinking, harmony between individual-organizational targets, increasing organizational loyalty of the employees and such leadership skills are important in increasing the financial sources of companies. However, the element that makes leadership more meaningful under the umbrella of organization is, forming a successful team spirit within the organization. Uniting employees with big targets they can achieve, developing strategies to reach those targets and motivating wage earners who are open to improvement with continuous training activities are indispensable points for a leader-manager in scope of forming the team spirit (Ãâ€"zdemir, 2009). MANAGER EFFICIENCY Manager structuring of organizations generally consist of 3 stages as low level managers, middle level managers and top level managers. Jobs and responsibilities of managers in these three categories are different. Their roles in the organization vary as the skills and abilities they need to become successful depend on their position. Each manager contributes and helps management function (planning, organization, directing and controlling) as required by their management level. Without naming their contributions as more important or less important among themselves, those who work in three management levels are the managers who define the efficiency of the other employees and therefore the organization. Regardless of their organization or level, the manager is the person who is expected to be efficient and effective on the employees in reaching the targets, by assuming the responsibility of one or more management functions. In order to become successful, the manager must be able to ma nage employee efforts and perceptions (Robbins and Coulter, 2005) (Erigà ¼Ãƒ § et al, 2009). Katz and Kahn efficiencies are defined as maximizing the organizational outputs in every possible way (economical, technological, political, etc). Gibson explains efficiency in three individual steps. The most basic level is the individual efficiency where the organizations members, all the employees, one by one are considered in scope of their performances. Jobs carried out by the individuals are parts of jobs and positions within the organization, therefore managers evaluate individuals performances periodically based on standards specific to that institution. As individuals generally work within a group, another efficiency type is compared to this one and this characterized as the group efficiency. Group efficiency can simply be expressed as the total of contributions of all group members in scope of the production. But it must be said that the group efficiency -because of the synergy created- means more than the total of contributions of the members. Third perspective in efficiency is the organizational efficiency. Organizations include individuals and groups, therefore group efficiency includes individual and group efficie ncies together. Besides, organizational efficiency expresses more than the total of individual efficiency and group efficiency. Like it happens in the group efficiency, organizations can reach to a performance level higher than the total of performances of their parts. The reason of existence for organizations is to achieve targets efficiently. Success of people and organizations is proportional to effective and efficient managers and management. The continuing efforts to increase efficiency and effectiveness are getting more frequent in our age. Almost all of organizational theories aim at defining and increasing efficiency (Ekinci and Y?lmaz, 2002). Manager Efficiency is about the organizations achieving its peak targets. First of the administrative duties of the manager is to obtain the highest possible performance from the jobs. Manager efficiency is not an ordinary property. Manager efficiency is observed when he can create solutions special to a problem he meets. An efficient manager focuses on what kind of contribution can be made to the functions of production, planning, coordination and controlling. Focusing on the contribution is the secret of becoming efficient. This influences the managers own work, work content, level, standards, influence, relations with superiors, colleagues and sellers and usage of management tools such as preparation of reports and meetings (Ekinci and Y?lmaz, 2002). MANAGER EFFECTIVENESS Effectiveness can be defined as the proportion of total physical income compared to the total output or production result obtained within a production or service system (Efil, 2004). Effectiveness concept is a criterion that expresses active functionality of the system in such a way that increases output amounts without increasing inputs. Therefore, effectiveness has a function that increases the level of welfare for an establishment by creating additional income. Moreover, the criteria such as input, output, added value, number of employees, working hours, wage payments and stock changes among others, shall be considered in calculation of effectiveness (Eren, 2001). Effective operation is an important target for organizations in both the production and service sector. Effectiveness, in the widest sense, is the proportion of total output to total input. Effectiveness concept is also called productivity. There are various ideas about the emergence of this concept. When we look at the first time the word productivity was used in the science world with a meaning close to the meaning it has today, we see that it was used in the 16th century by German Engineer Dr. George Bauer to explain how to improve mine extraction. The book De Re Metallica, which was published in 1556, is the source where the word productivity is closest to the meaning we use today. Effectiveness gained significance and soon became a subject on which people work towards during the following periods, especially after the emergence and spread of the Industrial Revolution. Effectiveness is a concept that has always been known and discussed as a measurement of success which is easy to define but hard to calculate (Ãâ€"zdemir and Muradova, 2008). When we think about the manager effectiveness, the work force has bigger potential to affect the effectiveness when compared to other factors. The factor that does the job, in other words, triggers the production factors and therefore   createsa product or service, is the workforce. Therefore effectiveness of the workforce can directly affect establishments effectiveness, and to a wide extent. Therefore the effectiveness of managers who manage, control and coordinate all of the work processes directly affect establishments effectiveness (Ãâ€"zdemir and Muradova, 2008). According to researches it is seen that the factors that increase the effectiveness of managers and wage earners are concepts such as the openness of channels of communication, fee, motivation, career etc. (Ãâ€"zdemir and Muradova, 2008). METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS It has been tried with this project to measure the relationship between management skills, manager efficiency and effectiveness. It has been examined how the managers activities are affected by technical, human (communication, coordination, motivation, controlling) and conceptual (planning, decision-making, creative thinking, problem solving) skills. A survey was carried out on three district municipality workers in Istanbul, which is used as the sample in the study. 194 workers took part in the survey, 186 of which were found acceptable. SPSS 11,5 software was used to analyze the data and information obtained as the result of the survey. Analyses used in the study consists of reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analyses to test study hypotheses. Findings of the study were tested at p0.01 and p0.05 significance levels. A five point Likert type scale was used to answer the surveys used in this study. Assessment options in the scale are: 1-I definitely disagree, 2-I disagree, 3-Average, 4-I agree, 5-I definitely agree. There are 32 closed ended questions about conceptual skills in the first part of the survey, 23 closed ended questions in the second part about human skills (Source S. Cameron Quinn, 1999), five closed ended questions about technical skills in the third part, (Z. Zorluer, 2013), eight closed ended questions about efficiency in the fourth part(Chen ,et. all.,2006, Ergun, Oruà §., 2009) and six closed ended questions about effectiveness in the fifth part. (Chen ,et. all., 2006) Correlations and Regression Analysis According to Table 1; Pearson correlation coefficients, average, standard deviation and correlation analysis results of variables in the model were given. Standard deviation values belonging to variables are calculated between 0,84 and 1,07; and show that the variance (variability) amount between these values is at sufficient level to carry out a valid analysis. According to Table 1; the highest relation between manager skills dimensions is meaningful at positive correlation p0,01 (0,885) level between human skills and top level conceptual skills, while the lowest relation is meaningful at positive correlation p0,01 (0,561) level between manager effectiveness and technical skills. Moreover, another relation among manager skills dimension is meaningful at positive correlation p0,01 (0,807) level between human skills and strategical conceptual skills. According to created data, it can be assessed that the human skills have high positive correlation with strategic and top conceptual skills, while it has a positive but lower relation with technical skills. The highest relation between independent variables and manager effectiveness which is one of the dependent variables in Table 1 is meaningful at positive correlation p0,01 (0,867) levels. It is also meaningful at positive correlation p0,01 (0,730) and (0,817) level between manager efficiency and strategic and top level conceptual skills. It is evaluated according to data that, the manager efficiency has a high positive relation between conceptual skills at secondary degree and with human skills at primary degree. It can be concluded that there is meaningful result at positive correlation p0,01 (0,752) level between manager efficiency and technical skills, in addition to a positive relation at conceptual skills level. The highest correlation between independent variables and manager effectiveness, which is one of the dependent variables in Table 1, is with the human skills. This relation is meaningful at p0,01 (0,630) levels. The correlation between independent variables is stronger with   the efficiency that is among the dependent variables, when compared to effectiveness that is among the dependent variables. Numerical closeness degree of corrected R2 and R2 values in Table 1 to 1 (one), expresses the direct proportion in reaching the reality result. R2 (which is 0.78) and corrected R2 values show at what degree the independent variables explain the dependent variable. According to the results it is seen that the managerial skills among the independent variables explain manager efficiency which is a dependent variable at 78% rate, while managerial skills, which are independent variables, explain dependent variable manager effectiveness at 43% rate. There is positive relation at p0,01 (11,538) level between the dependent variable manager efficiency and human skill which is the independent variable in Table 2. Also, there is positive relation at p0,01 (6,269) level between manager efficiency which is the dependent variable and technical skill which is the independent variable. There is a positive relation at p0,01 (2,889) level between top level conceptual skills and manager efficiency. Therefore when the human skills and technical skills are increased 1 (one) unit at p0,01 level; the manager efficiency increases based on human skills by 11,538, based on technical skills by 6,269 and based on top level conceptual skills by 2,889. In this scope the increase in manager efficiency; depends on the increase of human, technical and top level conceptual skill degrees which are independent variables. There is no positive relation at p0,01 and/or p0,05 level between dependent variable manager efficiency and strategical conceptual skills which are the independent variables in Table 2.   In the light of this information, it is thought that the increase in manager efficiency is not directly connected to the increase of strategical conceptual skill degrees among the independent variables. Table 2 shows multiple regression analysis of the relation between manager effectiveness and independent variables. All of the Strategical Conceptual, Top Level Conceptual, Human and Technical Skills have meaningful positive relation with the manager effectiveness. We see a relation that changes between 2,852 and 2,073 at p0,01 level. Results in Table 2 were taken into account for all management levels. The same regression analysis was carried out individually for low, middle and top level managers. Numerical closeness degree of corrected R2 and R2 values in Table 3 to 1 (one), expresses the direct proportion in reaching the reality result. R2 and corrected R2   (which are 0.76 and 0.75) values show at what degree the independent variables explain the dependent variable. According to the results it is seen that the managerial skills among the independent variables explain manager efficiency which is a dependent variable at 76% rate, while managerial skills which are independent variables explain dependent variable manager effectiveness at 46% rate. There is positive relation at p0,01 (6,465) between dependent variable top level manager efficiency and top level management human skills in Table 3. Also, there is positive relation at p0,01 (3,801) level between manager efficiency which is the dependent variable and technical skills which are the independent variables. This regression analysis as the result of the survey that was carried out in scope of local managements (municipalities) show that top managements human skills are efficient in a meaningful way in manager efficiency. Especially communication and motivation among the human skills which are at 0.750 level in scope of the factor, are indispensable properties of top level manager efficiency. This analysis, in which technical skills are influential, shows the necessity that top manager must have full knowledge of the subjects and be able to create a technical vision for his subordinates and the city. Independent variables that affect the manager effectiveness, which is a dependent variable, are strategical conceptual skills with p0,01 (2,955) and human skills with p0,01 (1,679) . Therefore, when strategical conceptual skills and human skills increase 1 (one) unit at p0,01 level, the level of manager effectiveness increases depending on the strategical conceptual skills by 2,955 and depending on human skills by   1,679. In this scope the increase in manager effectiveness depends on the increase of strategical conceptual skills and human skills which are independent variables. Once again, when the top level manager in scope of municipalities have strategical conceptual skills such as planning, activity controlling and strategical thinking, it creates an effective manager perception in the eye of his subordinates and those who receive the services. Numerical closeness degree of corrected R2 and R2 values in Table 4 to 1 (one), expresses the direct proportion in reaching the reality result. R2 and corrected R2   (which are 0,78 and 0,77) values show at what degree the independent variables explain the dependent variable. According to the results it is seen that the managerial skills among the independent variables explain manager efficiency which is a dependent variable at 78% rate, while managerial skills which are independent variables explain dependent variable manager effectiveness at 47% rate. There is positive relation at p0,01 (6,740) level between dependent variable top level manager efficiency and middle level management human skills in Table 4. This high relation level shows that, human skills play an important role in manager efficiency in municipalities for administrators at manager and deputy manager levels. High values of communication, motivation and decision-making in scope of factor analysis show that leader properties are important for middle level managers too, for them to be efficient. Also; there is positive relation at p0,01 (2,270) and (2,222) level between top conceptual and technical skills which are independent variables and manager efficiency which is a dependent variable. This result shows that, when the middle level managers who manage the coordination and who act as a bridge between top level managers and low level managers who personally carry out the application, as required by their positions, have both technical and top conceptual skills, this increases the manager efficiency. The independent variables that affect the manager effectiveness which is a dependent variable, are top conceptual skills with p0,05 (1,890) and human skills with p0,05 (1,859) . Although their meaningfulness level is at 0,05 level, an effective middle level manager shall have top conceptual skills in addition to human skills. Therefore, when top conceptual skills and human skills increase 1 (one) unit at p0,05 level, manager effectiveness level increases by 1,890 depending on top conceptual skills and by 1,859 depending on human skills. In this scope the increase in manager effectiveness depends on the increase of top conceptual skills and human skills which are independent variables. In scope of municipalities, a middle level managers effectiveness will increase or decrease based on at what degree top management successfully transmits the vision to subordinates and puts it into practice. The numerical closeness degree of R2 and corrected R2 values in Table 5 to 1 (one), expresses the direct proportion in reaching the reality result. R2 and corrected R2 values, which are 0.83 and 0.82, show at what rate the independent variables explain the dependent variable.   According to the results it is seen that the managerial skills among the independent variables explain manager efficiency which is a dependent variable at 83% rate, while managerial skills which are independent variables explain dependent variable manager effectiveness at 40% rate. There is positive relation at p0,01 (7,193) between dependent variable manager efficiency and human skills which are low level managerial skills, in Table 5. Also, there is positive relation at p0,01 (5,146) level between manager efficiency which is the dependent variable and technical skills which are the independent variable. This two relations reveal that, human skills are important also in low level management level like it is with the others, and they affect manager efficiency at a meaningful extent. Low level management personally manages the application and is the first answerer in the management level in scope of application of works, and therefore technical skills make important contributions to efficiency. This regression analysis as the result of the survey that was carried out in scope of local managements (municipalities) shows that low level managements human skills are efficient in a meaningful way in manager efficiency. Especially communication and motivation among the human skills which are at 0.750 level in scope of the factor, are indispensable properties of low level manager efficiency. Having technical skills is indispensable for the efficiency at this management level, which track the technical works by supervising the works on site. The independent variables that affect the management effectiveness which is a dependent variable are technical skills with p0,01 (2,955). Therefore when the technical skills are increased 1 (one) unit at p0,01 level, the manager effectiveness level increases by 2,955 depending on the technical skills. In this scope the manager effectiveness increase depends on the increase of technical skills degrees, which are independent variables. Carrying out the job effectively will ensure effectiveness of low level management, as the efficiency in scope of municipalities is related to the degree the work is carried out correctly, and how long it lasted. DISCUSSION Effects of conceptual, human and technical manager skills on three different management level manager effectiveness and efficiency are put forward in the study with an application carried out with three district municipality workers in Istanbul. During the factor analysis, it was found more meaningful to evaluate conceptual skills with two factors as strategical conceptual and top level conceptual skills, and to evaluate human and technical skills as one factor (Table-5.4.).   In scope of regression analyses carried out in this way, it is evident that only the strategical conceptual skills have negative relation with manager efficiency, and other skills had a positive relation which generally match up with theoretical information based on literature inquiry (Table-5.7.). When we consider the managers in general, it is seen that except for the negative relation of strategical conceptual skills on manager efficiency, it has positive effects on manager effectiveness while top level conceptual skills, human skills and technical skills have positive effects on both manager efficiency and manager effectiveness (Table-5.7.). Creative thinking, future management and problem-solving among the top level conceptual skills are coming to the forefront as the most important factors that increase manager efficiency (Table-5.4.). An efficient manager shall think creatively to put forward a vision and manage the future with such vision, and be able to use human properties and creative thinking skills well while solving problems. A manager who can do these in their proper place creates an efficient manager perception. This study has revealed that there is a meaningful relation at high degree between human skills and manager efficiency (Table-5.4.).Problem-solving, coordination, communication, motivation and decision-making are also among the human skills that are coming forward as the most important factors that increase manager efficiency (Table-5.4.). The relation between human skills and efficiency determined during the study is in parallel with the literature inquiries. When an efficient manager has good communication with his subordinates and superiors, this motivates his team, ensures coordination and uses other human skills actively. This positively affects a managers high efficiency. For all three level managers (municipalities: top level: Mayor/Deputy mayor, middle level: Manager/Deputy manager and low level: Chief) human skills are at a very important level for manager efficiency. Using a good communication channel to solve problems; ensuring participation by keeping communication strong when making decisions; to motivate when decisions are being applied and to ensure coordination are properties that increase the efficiency of managers from all levels. Especially in scope of service sector managers (municipalities are state organs that deliver service to the people) when the human skills are high, the efficiency of the work and the person who carried out the work increases. In each activity field that requires technical information it is seen that all three management levels the technical skills effect the efficiency in a meaningful way and at high rates (Table-5.7.). Contribution of the technical skill owned by the manager about the performed service to the efficiency is also proportional to usage of human skills when that service is being presented. An efficient manager presents his technical skill with his human skills. In parallel with the literature, the technical skills of chief/low level managers increase the manager efficiency more when compared to other skills (Table-5.10.). When evaluated in scope of municipalities, the reason of high level of contribution of technical skills in efficiency for top level managers is: because of the necessity of being able to give technical answer to peoples questions and having grasp of technical details when a planned work is explained by the mayor and deputy mayor and municipality personnel (Table-5.8.). A to p level manager that has grasp of technical details, is seen as an efficient manager who knows what he is doing and who has control over details in the eyes of stakeholders. An efficient manager may have one, two or all of conceptual, human or technical skills. This study revealed which skill of the manager puts him forward as an efficient manager and the abovementioned results were obtained. In scope of this study, when the skill of a manager comes to the foreground, this does not mean the manager does not have the other skills. This study assessed three levels (top, middle and low) of managers and examined the effects of individual manager properties of these three level managers on the manager efficiency. This study which has been carried out on local municipalities may give different results when carried out in different sectors.

President Obama s Executive Order - 1456 Words

My policy problem is that Congress now wants to reverse President Obama’s executive order and this reversal will be a huge step back in the process of the immigration reform that is needed. This reversal of action can be detrimental to many immigrant families by separating families with deportation and delaying families from being reunited after only parts of families were able to come to the United States. The government has been deporting illegal immigrants and the path to citizenship is difficult for illegal immigrants because of the complications and financial burden of the whole process. The reform that needs to take place is that Congress has to make amendments to our current immigration policy regarding citizenship for the illegal†¦show more content†¦This is a possible and desirable solution as evidenced by Obama’s executive action. His executive order is only a minor application of my proposed policy solution and it is a step in the right direction. Many interest groups that support immigration reform as I do are happy that Obama as enacted this executive order, however widespread immigration reform is still needed (Lulac.org 2014). The current power struggle between Congress and Obama is one of intergovernmental relations, â€Å"the relationship between different levels of government. For example, it may pertain to the struggle between the national government and the states for authority over a specific policy domain.† (Kollman 2014, 74), and although this usually pertains to federal versus state or state versus local government, it is definitely important to this current struggle between two parties. The House of Representatives has already started a bill to effectively get rid of Obama’s executive order and now needs the support of the Senate in order to make it happen. â€Å"The House bill, called Executive Amnesty Prevention Act, states that any attempt by the administration to exempt immigrants from deportation laws shall be null and void and without legal effect.† (Memoli 2014). This power struggle arises due to the relationship between legislative and executive branch of our governme nt